Action research is best characterized as:

Action research is best characterized as a participatory process focused on change because it actively involves stakeholders in the research process. This approach emphasizes collaboration between researchers and participants to identify a problem, implement a solution, and reflect on the results. The primary goal of action research is to bring about practical improvements and social change within a specific context, making it dynamic and adaptable rather than linear or fixed.

In contrast to a linear process with fixed outcomes, action research is cyclical, allowing for revisions and adjustments based on feedback and ongoing reflection. Furthermore, while methods of analysis can be integrated into the action research framework, the approach places importance on intervention and participation rather than merely observing or analyzing a situation without involvement. Lastly, action research is not a purely theoretical approach; it integrates practical application with theoretical frameworks to drive meaningful change. This active engagement further distinguishes it from other research methods that may prioritize theory over practical outcomes.