Descriptive research often uses which of the following methods?

Descriptive research is primarily concerned with providing a detailed account of a phenomenon or situation, aiming to describe it without manipulating any variables. One of the most common methods employed in descriptive research is the use of surveys or observations. Surveys allow researchers to gather information directly from individuals, capturing their opinions, behaviors, or characteristics in a structured format. Through observations, researchers can gather data on subjects in their natural environment, noting behaviors or events as they occur without alteration.

These methods are highly effective in obtaining a snapshot of the current state of affairs, making them suitable for studies where the goal is to describe the existing circumstances rather than to explore causal relationships, which would typically involve experiment design or other methodologies. In contrast, methods like mathematical modeling, experimental trials, and case studies may focus on deeper causal analysis, testing hypotheses, or understanding specific instances in more complex ways, which extends beyond the descriptive intent.