If a decision could have been made without research, how is the value of the research typically characterized?

In the context of business research, if a decision could have been made without the aid of research, the value of that research is typically characterized as negative. This characterization stems from the idea that if a decision does not require research to reach a conclusion, then the resources, time, and effort spent on conducting research are seen as unnecessary and wasted. It suggests that the research did not contribute any additional value to the decision-making process, and therefore, it is viewed unfavorably. Recognizing the negative aspect emphasizes the importance of determining whether research is truly needed for a decision at hand before proceeding, as this can lead to more efficient and effective use of resources in the future.