What does random sampling ensure in research?

Random sampling is a crucial technique in research methodology that ensures each individual within a population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. This is important because it allows for the creation of a sample that is more likely to be representative of the overall population, minimizing selection bias and increasing the generalizability of the research findings.

By employing random sampling, researchers can draw conclusions that are more statistically valid, as every individual has a fair opportunity to be part of the sample. This eliminates favoring any group or characteristic and helps mitigate the effects of confounding variables, leading to more reliable and valid results.

In contrast, selecting participants based on convenience often leads to bias, as it may only include individuals who are easily accessible rather than a diverse cross-section of the whole population. Similarly, representing only the majority opinion would not provide insights into minority viewpoints, and a sampling process biased toward specific groups undermines the foundational aim of obtaining a representative sample.