What type of problems are categorized as 'Resource-Allocation Problems' in linear programming?

Resource-Allocation Problems in linear programming specifically focus on distributing limited resources among various competing activities or projects to achieve the best possible outcome, whether that be maximizing profits, minimizing costs, or optimizing overall efficiency. These problems are characterized by having constraints related to the availability of resources, such as time, money, or materials, that must be allocated carefully.

The correct answer pertains directly to the essence of resource allocation, which involves carefully managing and distributing scarce resources to meet specific objectives or goals. In many business scenarios, organizations face the challenge of making the most effective use of limited resources, which is precisely what resource-allocation problems address.

While maximizing profits, minimizing costs, and analyzing transportation costs could all be components or objectives of various operational problems, they do not inherently encapsulate the fundamental nature of resource allocation. They may represent the goals or outcomes of resource allocation efforts but do not define the problems themselves as well as the chosen answer does.