Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research?

Qualitative research is characterized by its focus on non-numeric data, which allows for a deeper understanding of people's experiences, thoughts, and feelings. This approach aims to provide insights into complex phenomena by exploring the meanings and interpretations that individuals assign to their experiences. By employing techniques such as interviews, focus groups, and observational studies, qualitative research captures the richness of human behavior and social interactions, making it particularly useful for developing theories and generating new ideas rather than quantifying or measuring.

The other options reflect aspects more typical of quantitative research. For example, reliance on statistical analysis is fundamental in quantitative approaches, where numerical data is analyzed to find patterns or test hypotheses. Establishing cause-and-effect relationships is also a hallmark of quantitative research, often done through controlled experiments or correlational studies. Finally, structured surveys are typically employed in quantitative research to gather data in a consistent manner, while qualitative research tends to utilize more open-ended, flexible methods to encourage detailed responses. Thus, the emphasis on non-numeric data is what distinctly sets qualitative research apart, making the first choice the correct answer.